The coupled odd and the logic of eastern

The book “The coupled add and logic of the Easterns”
 (Qasidat al- Mozdawaja va. al- Monteq al- Mosherqin) is a prominent work of the outstanding philosopher and scholar “Avicenna”, written in Arabic.
“The coupled add” (al- Qasidat al- Mozawaja) is a poem prosed on the answer  of the question of “ Abul Hasan sahl  Ibn  Muhammad  Sahli" who lived in Gorgon – Iran. “ Manteq al – Mashreqin”   ( logic of the Easterns) contains logical peripatetic conceptions.

The author

Avicenna, one of the greatest Muslim scientists and philosophers, known in the East as Abu Ali Sina and also Ibn Sina (980 – 1037).
He was born near Bukhara, probably with Persian as his native language.
At the age of eighteen he had mastered all the then known sciences. After the death of his father, an official of the Samanid adminstration, and the overthrow of the Samanids by the Ilekhans in 1005, he first wandered through Persia and then, from 1021 until shortly before his death, he lived at Isfahan as court physician of the Buyid rulers Shams al-Dawla and Sama al-Dawla, who by then had come under Kakuid suzerainty.

He is known primarily as a philosopher and physician, Avicenna contributed also to all the sciences that were accessible in his day: natural history, physics, chemistry, astronomy, mathematics and music. He studied mathematics under “Abu Abdullah Natli”, then continued metaphysics, physics and medicine in the presence of “Abu Soheyl Masihi”.
 He wrote on economics, politics, moral and religious questions, Quranic exegesis and poetry.
In 1654, 131 authentic and 110 doubtful works were listed in his bibliography.
 

The following are his most famous works:

1-    Book of Healing ‘of the soul’ (a vast philosophical and scientific encyclopeida)
2-    The Canon of Medicine (one of the most famous books in the history of medicine)
3-    The Tale of Hayy Ibn Yaqzan (a philosophical allegory)

Avicenna’s influence on medieval European philosophers such as Michael Scot,  Albertus Magnus,  Rager Bacon,  Duns Scotus and Thomas Aquinas is undeniable.

He died as the result of colic, in Hamedan – Iran where a monument was erected to celebrate the millennium of his birth.

The book structure

- Preface: Avicenna’s biography
 - Single words
- The five words
-  The ten categories
- Propositions
- Refutation
- Conversion
- Syllogism
- Syllogism by exclusion
- Induction
- Allegory
- The articles of the preliminaries
- Demonstration
- Articles
- Dialectic, rhetoric poetry, sophism
-Definition

Structure of the book “logic of the Easters”

- On sciences
- singles word
-universal and partial
- Kinds of definition
- Attributive causation
-contradiction
-Necessary absolute,     etc.